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-* TheKingOfRandom replaces styrofoam carvings with aluminum, via a bucket and sand. Use quarter-inch sheets of smooth foam, and printouts of sliced-up 3d objects to use as a template. Even a Windows Paint drawing, with a sub-drawing inside of it, to show two patterns at once. Cut out the patterns, then place on foam. Making 3D layered foam objects. Foam layers adhered with spray or hot glue, or any thin layer of glue. Bury the foam object in green play sand, in a 5gal bucket, with a stick of foam comming up, then place a little cylendar of cardboard or a soup can (can opener on both sides) on top of sand to be a funnel. Pour in molten aluminum to instantly replace the foam, noting the aluminum shrinks slightly as it cools. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tH-PaNugz9w\\
+* TheKingOfRandom replaces styrofoam carvings with aluminum, via a bucket and sand. Use quarter-inch sheets of smooth foam, and printouts of sliced-up 3d objects to use as a template. Even a Windows Paint drawing, with a sub-drawing inside of it, to show two patterns at once. Cut out the patterns, then place on foam. Making 3D layered foam objects. Foam layers adhered with spray or hot glue, or any thin layer of glue. Bury the foam object in green play sand, in a 5gal bucket, with a stick of foam comming up, then place a little cylendar of cardboard or a soup can (can opener on both sides) on top of sand to be a funnel. Pour in molten aluminum to instantly replace the foam, noting the aluminum shrinks slightly as it cools. Video: [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tH-PaNugz9w|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tH-PaNugz9w]]\\
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-* Aluminum and other metals... Aluminum is a soft and light weight aluminum, easy to maintain, with a very thin layer of oxidation on the outside. Anodised Aluminum is a durible coating on cheap aluminum, and burns off quickly. Anodized aluminium melts fine, has a great low price, but the quality usually isn't quite as nice. Casting grade aluminum has 6-8% silicon content. Add high silicon metal, such as pistons to the melt, if you plan to do a lot of machining on the aluminum, because extremely-high alumunim content can jam up a cutting machine. Most metals are not magnetic, including aluminum, copper, silver, gold, magnesium, platinum, and more. Magnets attract iron, nickel, cobalt, steel, and more. Non-Ferrous Metals such as Aluminum or Copper, do not contain Iron, are not magnetic, are usually more resistant to corrosion than ferrous metals, and have a lower tinsile strength than Ferrous metals. Ferrous metals include mild steel, carbon steel, stainless steel, cast iron, wroght iron, and have a higher tinsile strength. \\
+* Aluminum and other metals… Aluminum is a soft and light weight aluminum, easy to maintain, with a very thin layer of oxidation on the outside. Anodised Aluminum is a durible coating on cheap aluminum, and burns off quickly. Anodized aluminium melts fine, has a great low price, but the quality usually isn't quite as nice. Casting grade aluminum has 6-8% silicon content. Add high silicon metal, such as pistons to the melt, if you plan to do a lot of machining on the aluminum, because extremely-high alumunim content can jam up a cutting machine. Most metals are not magnetic, including aluminum, copper, silver, gold, magnesium, platinum, and more. Magnets attract iron, nickel, cobalt, steel, and more. Non-Ferrous Metals such as Aluminum or Copper, do not contain Iron, are not magnetic, are usually more resistant to corrosion than ferrous metals, and have a lower tinsile strength than Ferrous metals. Ferrous metals include mild steel, carbon steel, stainless steel, cast iron, wroght iron, and have a higher tinsile strength.\\
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-* KeoWool Insulation Details... Kaowool is made from ceramic fiber, with no asbestos involved. KaoWool's ceramic fibers are silica sand, and once cooked will break apart into short fibers which can get embede in human lungs, and thus KaoWool is often sprayed with a fireplace liner or coated in refractory cement. Wear a paint fume grade 3M mask when cutting KaoWool. KaoWool lasts far longer than fiberglass and insulates much better without melting easily like fiberglass. \\
+* KeoWool Insulation Details… Kaowool is made from ceramic fiber, with no asbestos involved. KaoWool's ceramic fibers are silica sand, and once cooked will break apart into short fibers which can get embede in human lungs, and thus KaoWool is often sprayed with a fireplace liner or coated in refractory cement. Wear a paint fume grade 3M mask when cutting KaoWool. KaoWool lasts far longer than fiberglass and insulates much better without melting easily like fiberglass.\\
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-* Your Crucible will almost certainly be made of Silica Graphite. It'll smash if dropped. It'll crack if tempature shocked. Light taps on grass are okay, but not hitting it. Don't get it wet. Common weight (how difficult it is to lift) are 1kg,2kg,4kg,6kg,8kg,10kg,12kg,16kg. 16kg is about 564 ounces. 8kg is about 282 ounce. Keep in mind, kg means the product weight and not the size. Gallon represents size such as liquid, while kg represents weight. A baseball of foam or metal has a much different weight. I personally like "#10, 12Kg ProCast Graphite Crucible" because the inside space is 6 inch diameter and 8 inch tall. Often a listing will say the inside measurement. The 5kg crucible will often only fit a soda can. \\
+* Your Crucible will almost certainly be made of Silica Graphite. It'll smash if dropped. It'll crack if tempature shocked. Light taps on grass are okay, but not hitting it. Don't get it wet. Common weight (how difficult it is to lift) are 1kg,2kg,4kg,6kg,8kg,10kg,12kg,16kg. 16kg is about 564 ounces. 8kg is about 282 ounce. Keep in mind, kg means the product weight and not the size. Gallon represents size such as liquid, while kg represents weight. A baseball of foam or metal has a much different weight. I personally like "#10, 12Kg ProCast Graphite Crucible" because the inside space is 6 inch diameter and 8 inch tall. Often a listing will say the inside measurement. The 5kg crucible will often only fit a soda can.\\
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 * At a industrial steel mill, water expands at 20,000 times per second, so a cup of water is like a grenade.\\
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-* Why not use an Electric Pottery Kiln? You can, it's great! They cost much more than a DIY propane foundry. You'll need to replace a few parts every so often. Your home or school Electric Kiln will run on a oven or dryer electrical outlet, which is technicalkly called 240 volt single-phase. Some homes have electrical issues and would prefer to use propane devices, if the circuit breaker pops often. A kiln on a long extension cord will 1.) Take more power, and 2.) Melt the extension cord unless it's very high grade. There are very small tabletop 110-Volt electric kilns, but the max tempature is about 2000 degrees F and the crucible is fairly small, and a part to replace fairly often is the Thermocoupler. \\
+* Why not use an Electric Pottery Kiln? You can, it's great! They cost much more than a DIY propane foundry. You'll need to replace a few parts every so often. Your home or school Electric Kiln will run on a oven or dryer electrical outlet, which is technicalkly called 240 volt single-phase. Some homes have electrical issues and would prefer to use propane devices, if the circuit breaker pops often. A kiln on a long extension cord will 1.) Take more power, and 2.) Melt the extension cord unless it's very high grade. There are very small tabletop 110-Volt electric kilns, but the max tempature is about 2000 degrees F and the crucible is fairly small, and a part to replace fairly often is the Thermocoupler.\\
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-* Firebrick is often rated as K-20 through k-26, with k-20 being lower-cost and heats fast and can't handle 3000 F tempature, while k-26 cost more and can handle the highest firebrick tempatures and takes much longer to heat so you waste more fuel and lasts the longest during high-tempature. The lower the K, the faster it heats but the faster it'll crumble at high tempatures. When in question, K-23 is a middle-road area for fairly high tempature protection while still heating fairly fast. But it's the fast heat-up and cool-down that cracks and ruins firebrick, so if you only need 2000 F tempature, then in theory K-20 lasts the same as k-26 and saves you in fuel cost. k-26 lasts far longer at highest-tempature but the same longevity at low tempatures. K-20 breaks and cracks if you have multiple burners and forget it's running. Non-coated porcalin tiles can be used as a cheap floor and will crack a little but are great for protecting your expensive firebrick floor. It's expected and ok for non-coated porcalin tiles to crack, as they aren't rated for this ussage and are nicely inexpensive. IFB means Insulating FireBrick. I'm fairly sure the max temp firebricks can be is k-26 with a high concentrate of alumina and heat rated to 3000 degrees F, but these bricks are highly expensive. Every time you use your foundary, the bricks and insulation and crucible and everything get worn out a tiny bit, mostly the crucible. The entire foundry may last two years of intense fast hot heat, or 40 years of nice low heat with long startup and cooldown time and protecting it from moisture. \\
+* Firebrick is often rated as K-20 through k-26, with k-20 being lower-cost and heats fast and can't handle 3000 F tempature, while k-26 cost more and can handle the highest firebrick tempatures and takes much longer to heat so you waste more fuel and lasts the longest during high-tempature. The lower the K, the faster it heats but the faster it'll crumble at high tempatures. When in question, K-23 is a middle-road area for fairly high tempature protection while still heating fairly fast. But it's the fast heat-up and cool-down that cracks and ruins firebrick, so if you only need 2000 F tempature, then in theory K-20 lasts the same as k-26 and saves you in fuel cost. k-26 lasts far longer at highest-tempature but the same longevity at low tempatures. K-20 breaks and cracks if you have multiple burners and forget it's running. Non-coated porcalin tiles can be used as a cheap floor and will crack a little but are great for protecting your expensive firebrick floor. It's expected and ok for non-coated porcalin tiles to crack, as they aren't rated for this ussage and are nicely inexpensive. IFB means Insulating FireBrick. I'm fairly sure the max temp firebricks can be is k-26 with a high concentrate of alumina and heat rated to 3000 degrees F, but these bricks are highly expensive. Every time you use your foundary, the bricks and insulation and crucible and everything get worn out a tiny bit, mostly the crucible. The entire foundry may last two years of intense fast hot heat, or 40 years of nice low heat with long startup and cooldown time and protecting it from moisture.\\
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-* Gold weighs more than lead because gold is more dense and thus harder, so a gold bullet doesn't deform nearly as much as a lead bullet, and in theory molten gold would sink under molten lead, rather than mixing. Gold is so soft it quickly melts into a puddle under a butane torch. \\
+* Gold weighs more than lead because gold is more dense and thus harder, so a gold bullet doesn't deform nearly as much as a lead bullet, and in theory molten gold would sink under molten lead, rather than mixing. Gold is so soft it quickly melts into a puddle under a butane torch.\\
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-* Chemicals... Muriatic acid is one of the names for hydrochloric acid, it's most stable at 38% which is what many scientists use, because any higher fumes away quickly.
+* Chemicals… Muriatic acid is one of the names for hydrochloric acid, it's most stable at 38% which is what many scientists use, because any higher fumes away quickly.
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-**Internet Resources**…\\
+**Internet Resources**…
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 * DIY Trashcan Metal Foundry!: [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2RYYBRFu1A|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2RYYBRFu1A]]\\
 * Tips for the DIY Trashcan Metal Foundry: [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2FuvKTyRMQ|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2FuvKTyRMQ]]
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 * MyFordBoy on YouTube shows examples of using his metal foundry: [[https://youtu.be/HJ9YoRMoO5Y|https://youtu.be/HJ9YoRMoO5Y]]
-* Wikipedia for ___: * Wikipedia for ___:
+.\\
+* Wikipedia for Slag (Also see Dross): [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag]]\\
-* Wikipedia for ___: * Wikipedia for ___:
+* Wikipedia for Dross (also see Slag): [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dross|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dross]]\\
+* Wikipedia for Forge: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forge|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forge]]\\
-* Wikipedia for ___: * Wikipedia for ___:
+* Wikipedia on Firebrick: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_brick|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_brick]]\\
+* Wikipedia on Refractory: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory#Basic_refractories|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory#Basic_refractories]]\\
-* Wikipedia for ___: * Wikipedia for ___:\\
+* Wikipedia for Masonry Oven: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonry_oven|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonry_oven]]\\
+* Wikipedia for Kiln: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiln|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiln]]\\
+* Wikipedia for Metal: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal]]\\
+* Crucible Steel: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucible_steel|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucible_steel]]\\
+* Wikipedia Directory for Smelting: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Smelting|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Smelting]]\\
+* Wikipedia Directory for Steel Making: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Steelmaking|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Steelmaking]]\\
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 **End of page.**

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